POLITICAL SCIENCE (Oct’ 2014)
(317)
NIOS SENIOR SECONDARY Solved Papers
Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 100
1. What is the scope of Political Science? 2
Ans.:- The
scope of political science is vast and experts have divided the field of
political science into five sub-disciplines that are political theory, public
administration, comparative politics, international relations, and public law.
It needs to be noted that these sub-disciplines cover the entire gamut of the
modern political economy and provide the basis for the study and understanding
of how the global political economy works.
2. Mention any two elements of nationality. 2
Ans.:- Two
elements of nationality are
a. Common
Geography
b. Common
Race
3. What is meant by the concept of Sarvodaya?
2
Ans.:-
Sarvodaya, as Gandhiji had visualised, is the greatest good of all the members
of the society. It is the welfare of all. It is the good of the individual
together with the good of all the individuals, i.e., the good of each with the
good of all.
4. What is the significance of the Preamble to
the Constitution of India? 2
Ans.:- The
Preamble is like an introduction or preface of a book. It is not a part of the
contents but it explains the purposes and objectives with which the document
has been written. So is the case with the ‘Preamble’ to the Indian Constitution.
Ans.:- The
elected member of Parliament one members of the Electoral College for
Presidential election. As such, they participate in the election of the President
of India. They elect the Vice-President. The Lok Sabha elects its Speaker and
Deputy Speaker and the Rajya Sabha eects it Deputy Chairman.
6. What is public interest litigation (PIL)? 2
Ans.:-
Public interest litigation (PIL):- It means that even people, who are not
directly involved in the case, may bring to the notice of the Court matters of
public interest. It is the privilege of the Court to entertain the application
for public interest litigation (PIL). The concept of PIL was introduced by
Justice P.N.Bhagwati.
7. What is the composition of the Election
Commission of India? 2
Ans.:- Composition:- The Election
Commission of the Chief Election Commissioner and such other Election
commissioners as may be decided by the President from time to time.
8. Mention any two environmental problems. 2
Ans.:- Two
environmental problems are
1. Land Air and Water:- Pollution
of land water has affected plants, animals and human beings. The quality of
soil is deteriorating resulting in the loss of agricultural land. The loss is
estimated to be about five to seven million hectares of land each year.
2. Population Growth:-
Population growth means more people to eat and breath, and putting an excessive
pressure on land and forest, and ultimately disturbing the ecological balance.
The growing population is not only a problem for the natural environment, it is
a problem for many other aspect of environment, say, for example social,
economic, political etc.
9. Mention any two principles of Panchsheel. 2
Ans.:- Panchsheel, or the Five Principles of
Peaceful Co-existence, were first formally iterated in the Agreement on Trade
and Intercourse between the Tibet region of China and India signed on April 29,
1954, which stated, in its preamble, that the two Governments “have resolved to
enter into the present Agreement based on the following principles:- (a)
Respect each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty, (b) Mutual
non-aggression
10. Explain the main features of Indian
Federal System. 5
Ans.:- The
main features of Indian Federal System are:-
1. Written Constitution:- The most
important feature of a federation is that its constitution should be a written
one, so that both the Union Government as well as the State can refer to that
as and when needed.
2. Rigid Constitution:- The
procedure of amending the Constitution in a federal system is normally rigid.
Indian Constitution provides that some amendments require a special majority.
3. Division of Powers:- In our
Constitution, there is a clear division of powers, so that the States and the
Centre are required to enact and legislate within their sphere of activity and
none violates its limits and tries to encroach upon the functions o the other.
4. Supremacy of the Judiciary:- Another
very important feature of a federation is an independent judiciary to interpret
the Constitution and to maintain its sanctity. The Supreme Court of India has
the original jurisdiction to settle disputes between the Union and the States.
11. What is the meaning and importance of
judicial review? 5
Ans.:- Judicial
Review:- It is a process through which judiciary examines whether a law
enacted by a legislature or an action of the executive is in accordance with
the Constitution or not. Judicial Review does not mean that every law passed by
the legislature is taken up by the Supreme Court for review. It only means that
the Court will review the law as and when it gets an opportunity.
Importance
of judicial review:- Because the power of judicial review can
declare that laws and actions of local, state, or national government are
invalid if they conflict with the Constitution. It also gives courts the power
to declare an action of the executive or legislative branch to be unconstitutional.
12. Distinguish between national and regional
political parties. Mention the names of any two regional parties. 5
Ans.:-
India has two types of political parties- national parties and regional
parties. National parties are those which generally have influence all over the
country. It is not necessary that a national party will have equal strength in
all the states, it varies from state to state. A party is recognised as a
national party by the Election Commission on the basis of a formula. The
political party which has secure not less than four percent of the total valid
votes in the previous general elections at least in four states, is given the
status of a national party.
However,
there are other parties in India, which do not enjoy national influence. Their
activities and influence are restricted to particular states or regions.
Sometimes these parties are formed to voice demands of a specific region. These
parties are neither weak nor short-lived. Sometimes they prove to be very
powerful in their respective regions. These are known as regional parties.
Major
regional parties are AIADMK and DMK in Tamil Nadu, Telugu Desam in Andhra
Pradesh, Akali Dal in Panjab, national Conference in Jammu and Kashmir, Asom
Gana Parishad in Assam.
13. Identify the shortcomings of India’s
electoral system. 5
Ans.:-
Shortcomings of India’s electoral system:
1. Money
Power:- The role of unaccounted money in elections has become a serious
problem. The political parties collect funds from companies and business
houses, and then use this money to influence the voter to vote in their favour.
The business contributions are mostly in cash and are not unaccounted.
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