NIOS Senior Secondary Solved Assignment 2021 - 22
Environmental Science 333 Solved Assignment 2021-22
Tutor Marked Assignment
Max Marks: 20
Note: (i) All
questions are compulsory. The Marks allotted for each question are given beside
the questions.
(ii)
Write your name, enrollment numbers, AI name and subject on the first page of
the answer sheet.
1. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60 words. 2
(a) What do you understand the term buffering capacity of the
earth and give reason why is it so important/ necessary for the survival of
living beings? (See Lesson-1)
Ans.:- The
most unique feature of the earth is its buffering action due to which a neutral
pH (pH7) is maintained in the soil and water bodies. The neutral pH is
congenial for the survival and sustenance of living organisms.
Earth gets light
from the sun, the star nearest to earth, approximately 150 million km away. It is the
ultimate source of energy
(b) Why did agriculture and domestication of
animals evolved simultaneously? Give reasons in support of your answer. (See
Lesson-2)
Ans: Answer of any one question is
necessary
2.
Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60 words. 2
(a)
"Urbanisation led to increase consumption of natural resources and waste
generation" Give reasons in support of your answer. (See Lesson-8)
Ans: As large number
of people permanently settles in small areas to form cities and towns, this
leads to increase in the consumption of natural resources. Land availability
dwindles as buildings for housing purposes come up. Increased water requirement
of the growing urban population causes a sharp decline in water availability.
Excessive withdrawal of ground water leads to ground water depletion. To meet
the growing requirement of water, result is drawn from distant areas thus
disturbing the routes of natural water bodies and affecting ecosystems.
Urbanization and industrialization produces colossal quantities of
waste. Quantity of Solid waste from domestic and industrial sources is growing
problem. They may be biodegradable when they may be used for generation of
biogas. The no biodegradable waste is dumped in landfills.
(b) Pesticides and Chemical fertilizers are
being frequently used in modern agriculture. Why do we use these and how do
they differ in the function? (See Lesson-2)
Ans: Answer of any one question is
necessary
3.
Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60 words. 2
(a) Fish are the good source of proteins and
pisciculture (fish forming) has increased the yield of fish to an extreme
extent. Due to this expansion, fish population is suffering. Mention any four
harmful effects. (See Lesson-20)
Ans: Answer of any one question is
necessary
(b) In
which ecosystem do Sunderban mangroves belong? Name its main plants and animals
found in this region. Mention its important characteristics. (See Lesson-6)
Ans: Sunderban mangroves belong to Terrestrial ecosystem in India. Vegetation growing at altitudes
above 3600 m is usually known as alpine vegetation and it can be noticed that
with the increment of the altitude, the plants show stunted growth. The trees
like silver fir, pine, juniper and birch belong to this category. The alpine
grasslands are mainly found at higher altitudes in this region. The people
belonging to the tribal groups like Gujjar and Bakarwal make extensive use of
this region. The vegetations like lichen and mosses are also found in high
altitudinal regions. Sundari is a renowned mangrove tree, mainly found in the
tidal forests and it is after this tree that the name Sundarban has been
entitled to the forested parts of the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta.
4.
Answer any one of the following questions in about 100 to 150 words. 4
(a)
Mention efforts that have been taken by Sulabh International to restore human
dignity of scavengers in society in detail. (See Lesson-25)
Ans: Answer of any one question is
necessary
(b) Describe the effects of
excessive use of agrochemicals in the crop lands on the environment. (See
Lesson-10)
Ans: Agricultural chemicals especially fertilizers and pesticides
pollute the soil. Fertilizers in the runoff water from these fields can cause
eutrophication in water bodies. Pesticides are highly toxic chemicals which
affect humans and other animals adversely causing respiratory problems, cancer
and death.
To control soil pollution, it is essential to stop the use of
plastic bags and instead use bags of degradable materials like paper and cloth.
Sewage should be treated properly before using as fertilizer and as landfills.
The organic matter from domestic, agricultural and other waste should be
segregated and subjected to vermicomposting which generates useful manure as a
byproduct. The industrial wastes prior to disposal should be properly treated
for removing hazardous materials. Biomedical waste should be separately
collected and incinerated in proper incinerators.
5.
Answer any one of the following questions in about 100 to 150 words. 4
(a) An idea of environmental ethics should be inculcated in the mind
of every citizen of the country. Suggest any four ways in which it can be done.
(See Lesson-26)
Ans: It is common knowledge that we acquire habits and attitudes in
our childhood. The values inculcated during childhood stay lifelong. Therefore,
it is extremely important to inculcate respect for the environment in every
child. If children are exposed to live issues, they understand and try to
resolve them when they grow up to be administrators, policy makers, teachers,
home-makers or politicians.
In the school curriculum activities such as (i) growing plants and
taking care of them (ii) visits to national parks and sanctuaries (iii)
creating stories/ poems/ plays on nature conservation, should be included. Tree
plantations for ‘greening schools’ and its neighbourhood, weeding lawns, making
attractive posters and messages related to environment should become
competitive events every year for various classes.
Nature study should inculcate
in the children love for living beings and urge for maintaining the
surroundings. The ‘land ethic’ is an idea that should be created in every
citizen’s mind. According to this, each person is a citizen of the land and
thus responsible for its “health”. Health is the capacity of land for
self-renewal. Conservation is our effort to understand and preserve this
capacity.
(b) What
are the reasons for modifying the natural ecosystem by human beings? Mention
any four ways in which plantation forest differs from a natural ecosystem.
Ans: Answer of any one question is necessary
6.
Prepare any one project out of the given below: 6
(a) A glacier broke off at Joshimath in Chamoli district of
Uttarakhand on 7th February 2021. This led to massive flood in the Dhauli Ganga
and Rishi Ganga rivers. Due to this avalanche two hydropower projects have
severely damaged. Prepare a project report for this deadly avalanche with
respect to the following questions.
(i) What are the main causes for this deadly avalanche in Himalayan region?
(ii) Mention estimate damage in terms to property loss and human
life as well as affected region.
(iii) In there any evidence for this type of happening in this
region before?
(iv) Discuss about the relief efforts done by central government,
state government and local body.
(v) What precaution can be taken in future? For writing this report,
you can collect information from internet/print media/electronic media or you
can also prepared a scrap book/flip chart/flip card/PowerPoint presentation.
Ans: (i) What are the main causes for this deadly avalanche in Himalayan
region?
This deadly avalanche in Himalayan region Joshimath in Chamoli
district of Uttarakhand on 7th February 2021 has shocked the world. At least 200
people have died after an avalanche swept through a base Dhauli Ganga and Rishi
Ganga rivers. This tragedy is one of the deadliest avalanches in history.
Climate change, human activity, and natural factors have combined to
make this deadly avalanche inevitable. This is just another example of how
climate change is affecting our life in different ways.
The main causes for this deadly avalanche are:
- Climate change (changing weather patterns)
- Human activity (construction on nearby mountains)
- Natural factors (subsidence caused by groundwater extraction).
(ii) Mention estimate damage in terms to property loss and human
life as well as affected region.
The deadly avalanche in Himalayan has shown just how dangerous the
rise in construction can be. It has ravaged several villages and towns while
killing almost 200 people. The avalanche has cost over 2 million USDs worth of
property damage while leading to human lives lost and traumatizing people who
still reside there. Also two hydropower projects in that region have severely
damaged.
(iii) In there any evidence for this type of happening in this region
before?
Avalanches and flash flooding in the Himalayas are common during
summer and monsoon months, as melting snow and heavy rains combine. But an
incident which happens on 7th February 2021 at Joshimath in Chamoli district of
Uttarakhand are rare so early in the year, alarming scientists studying climate
change that is rapidly heating the world’s highest mountains.
Scientists are still studying the details of exactly what happened,
but said heavy snowfall followed by bright sunshine led to snow-melt in the
area
(iv) Discuss about the relief efforts done by central government,
state government and local body.
Ans: Two teams of National Disaster Relief Force (NDRF) are enroute
and three additional teams have been flown in from Hindon which will reach the spot
later in the night. More than 200 ITBP personnel are on the spot, and one
column and Engineering Task Force (ETF) of Army, with all rescue equipment have
been deployed. Navy divers are being flown in and aircrafts/ helicopters of the
Indian Air Force (IAF) are on standby, according to National Crisis Management
Committee (NCMC).
At the same time, the concerned agencies of the Centre and the State
were asked to keep a strict vigil on the situation, and a team from DRDO, who
monitor avalanches, is being flown in for surveillance and reconnaissance. MD,
NTPC has been asked to reach the affected site immediately.
PM has approved an ex-gratia of Rs. 2 lakh each from PMNRF for the
next of kin of those who have lost their lives due to the tragic avalanche caused
by a Glacier breach in Chamoli, Uttarakhand. Rs. 50,000 would be given to those
seriously injured.
(v) What precaution can be taken in future?
Ans: Precautions to be taken before and at the time of glacier burst
and flood:
a)
Avoid building in flood prone areas
unless you elevate and reinforce your home.
b)
Elevate the furnace, water
heater, and electric panel if susceptible to flooding.
c)
Install "Check
Valves" in sewer traps to prevent floodwater from backing up into the
drains of your home.
d)
Contact community officials to
find out if they are planning to construct barriers (levees, beams and
floodwalls) to stop floodwater from entering the homes in your area.
e)
Seal the walls in your basement
with waterproofing compounds to avoid seepage.
f)
Listen to the radio or television
for information.
g)
Be aware that flash flooding
can occur. If there is any possibility of a flash flood, move immediately to
higher ground. Do not wait for instructions to move.
h)
Be aware of streams, drainage
channels, canyons, and other areas known to flood suddenly. Flash floods can
occur in these areas with or without such typical warnings as rain clouds or
heavy rain.
(b) The first case of COVID-19 was observed in Wuhan China. Later
on, this disease spreads all over the world in the form of Pandemic. Most of
the countries had decleared total lockdown in their areas. Prepare a brief
report with respect to the following points.
(i) Scientific name of organism and symptoms
(ii) Cause-transmission
(iii) Prevention/Precautions
(iv) Diagnosis
(v) Treatment
(vi) Myths – (Pros. and Cons)
Write/share your experience about your life style. Do you observe
any changes in the environment during this lockdown, If yes, share this
experience also.
Ans: Answer of any one question is necessary
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