History 315 Solved Assignment 2021-22 | NIOS Senior Secondary Solved Assignment 2021 - 22

 NIOS Senior Secondary Solved Assignment 2021 - 22
History (315)
Tutor Marked Assignment
Max Marks: 20

Note: (i) All questions are compulsory. The Marks allotted for each question are given decide the questions.

(ii) Write your name, enrollment numbers, AI name and subject on the first page of the answer sheet.

1. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60 words.    2

(a) List works from Buddhist and Jainism literature and write in short about two of their works which you find interesting. (See Lesson-5)

Ans: This list of Buddhist and Jain literature includes a wide range of works that cover the vast spectrum of the religious schools. The following is a list of works that are found in Buddhist and Jain literature:

Buddhist Literature

a) Life of Gautama Buddha (Theravada) - The Four Noble Truths (Mahayana)

b) Dhammapada (Theravada) - Anguttara Nikaya (Theravada)

c) Sutta Nipata (Theravada) - Satipatthana Sutta (Mahayana Buddhism)

Jainism Literature

a) The Svetambara,

b) Digambara, and

c) Anekantavada texts.

The Jains and Buddhists have been producing some of the most interesting works in the world. Their literature not only challenges the reader but also serves a strong metaphysical purpose. In fact, they are credited as being one of the first groups to turn writing into a religious practice. Despite lasting only a short time period, their contribution has been lasting for centuries and is still present today.

इतिहास (315)| History 315 NIOS Free Solved Assignment 2021 – 22 (Hindi Medium)

(b) Analyse the themes of Bhimbetka cave paintings. (See Lesson-2)

Ans: The Bhimbetka caves are an open-air site located in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. They were discovered in 1907 and are estimated to be around 36,500 years old. The paintings found at these caves reflect the life of ancient people in India, particularly the Harappan civilization. The most commonly found theme is animals, which include elephants, rhinoceroses and a variety of large mammals. Other distinct themes include humans and hunting scenes. An analysis of Bhimbetka cave paintings can be a useful tool for learning about ancient Indian culture and society including what they ate through their diet, how they lived through their lifestyle and how they worshipped their gods.

2. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60 words.     2

(a) "The Period from 750-1000AD is believed to be one of the economic decline". Examine the statement with the help at two examples. (See Lesson-8)

Ans: The period between AD 750–AD 1200 is no more treated as a ‘dark phase’ of Indian history. It was marked by various political, social and cultural activities. Politically, the period between AD 750–AD 1200 is early medieval period with the rise of numerous regional states. In North India Gurjara- Prathiharas, Palas in east & Rashtrakutes in South India rose to power in early years (750–1000) while in later years (1000–1200) Rajput states in North & Cholas in South fetched power from previous rulers.

The nature of state is a decentralized political system wherein the king at the top is assisted by small chiefs or Samanthas. Land grants become very common to religious people & to state officials in lieu of salary. Sabha (Brahaman predominant village), Ur (non brahaminical settlements) were local administering authorities in South India. It is a period of economic decline due to diminishing overseas trade. During this period several tribes gave up hunting, start tilling lands, and subsequently included into brah- manical society.

(b) “The advent of agriculture marked a significant change in Neolithic phase”. Analyse. (See Lesson-2)

Ans: Agriculture had a major impact on the development of Indian civilisation. It allowed people to build settlements beyond the limits of forests and other natural landscapes.

Indian Neolithic Period is considered as one of the most important periods in Indian history. From this period, people were able to start settlements outside forests and other natural landscapes. They had more land for cultivation and were able to develop surplus food that allowed them to explore new places for settlements. A significant change in Neolithic phase in India is the advent of agriculture which marked a major change in lifestyle, settlement patterns, social organisation, culture, religion and economic activities.

3. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60 words.                  2

(a) "Geography of any place helps us to understand the life and history of that society". Justify the statement. (See Lesson-2)

Ans: The geography of any place reveals the social, political, and economic aspects of that society. This is because geographical features such as mountains, rivers and ocean currents influence the natural growth and development of a place and they also indicate how people live. We can see how countries were formed by examining their history and looking at their geography.

From the time we were in the Stone Age, we have been using maps and how we make them to understand our world and ourselves. A map takes in a lot of information about a place and helps us know more about the geography of that place. It also helps us to understand the history of that society.

(b) List any two features of cultural nationalism. (See Lesson-20)

Ans: Cultural nationalism is the idea that every culture has a unique identity that is worth preserving. It typically emphasizes shared history, language, religion, and ancestry. It often uses symbols such as flags, anthems, and holidays to promote national identity. This is a list of cultural nationalism features:

a)    Nationalism is usually closely linked with a common language.

b)   Cultural nationalism usually promotes the use of local customs and traditions.

c)    Cultural identity is usually strong in cultural nationalism.

d)   In contrast, economic nationalism includes protectionism and the promotion of domestic production at the expense of trade with other countries.

4. Answer any one of the following questions in about 100 to 150 words.          4

(a) List any two features of Mahajanpadas. How did Magadha become more powerful? Elaborate. (See Lesson-5)

Ans: Mahajanapadas were the kingdoms of ancient India. They were divided into different empires and ruled by a king called a Maharaja. Mahajanapadas in ancient India would have followed a specific caste system, where each Mahajanapadas ruler was from the Kshatriya caste. They also had different languages, religions, and administrative systems. The two features of the Mahajanapadas are:

1) They were divided into different empires with each empire having its own rulers and languages

2) They had a particular caste system where each empire's ruler was from the Kshatriya caste

In about two hundred years, Magadha became the most powerful Mahajanapadas. Rivers like the Ganga and Son flowed through it which provided water, improved transport and helped make the land fertile. Also, some forested parts of Magadha provided: Animals like elephants – captured and trained for the army.

(b) Analyse how global political forces are affecting the decolonization process. (See Lesson-26)

The decolonization process is a long and complicated process that has been going on for over a century. In the last few decades, there have been many global political forces that have affected the decolonization process.

Such as, globalization and neoliberalism have contributed to the weakening of historical national liberation movements. This creates a context where some countries can become dependent on a foreign market economy and an international financial system that they cannot control.

In order to maintain their position of power, oppressive regimes often use anti-colonial rhetoric in order to justify their actions, such as “fighting terrorism” or preventing "radicalization". In doing so, they try to normalize their oppression by creating an ideological framework of neo-colonialism.

5. Answer any one of the following questions in about 100 to 150 words.         4

(a) List the possible reasons that can be taken for the migration of population from one place/country to another place/country. How it affects the life and culture of the migrants population. (See Lesson-27)

Ans: Migration is a complex process that can be highly influenced by various factors. It should be understood that people are migrating due to many reasons. The following are some of the possible reasons that can be taken for the migration of population from one place to another place:

1) For better living conditions

2) Climate changes

3) Political instability

4) Poverty

5) Economic development

6) Education related factors

Migration is the process of moving from one place to another with the intention of settling down in that new location. This process is often associated with an individual’s desire to better his or her situation. Migration can be a life-changing experience and people who migrate will experience culture shock and different values. The changes that they go through during their migration process sometimes cause them to lose touch with their original identity and culture and become more like those who live in the new country. People may also experience a sense of disconnection from their own roots as they move away from them or as they grow old, thus distancing themselves from the memories of their ancestors.

(b) "The Dandi March was the first event that brought Mahatma Gandhi to world attention." Explain. (See Lesson-21)

Ans: The Dandi March was the first event that brought Mahatma Gandhi to world attention. It was a protest against the Salt law introduced by British rule. Under this salt law, Indians were restricted from producing or selling salt.

The march started on March 12, 1930 from Gandhi's Sabarmati Ashram and passed through 4 districts and 48 villages. The march ended on April 5, 1930, in Dandi when Gandhi defied the salt law by picking a lump of salt. After this, millions of people broke the salt law as salt depots were raided everywhere and the manufacture of salt was undertaken.

The event had a significant impact and helped to awaken India’s conscience about its position as a colony of Britain. It also brought attention to Gandhi’s ideas of civil disobedience, which would later become key factors in India’s independence movement.

The Dandi March is one of the most iconic moments in our history. It marked Gandhi’s emergence as an international figure, and it helped him gain control of India’s political landscape. He is often referred to as the architect of the nonviolent resistance movement in India. His philosophy behind this movement was civil disobedience or Satyagraha.

6. Prepare any one project out of the given below:        6

(a) Find out whether there are any communities that have migrated to your city, town, village or any nearby place. Your area may even have people who migrated during Pandemic (Covid 19). Interview members of such communities and write a report based on under the following heads. (See Lesson-27)

Also find out what changes the area witnessed as a result of this migration.

(b) On the outline of the map of India mark the places through which the Dandi March passed.

Ans: The Dandi March was the first event that brought Mahatma Gandhi to world attention. It was a protest against the Salt law introduced by British rule. Under this salt law, Indians were restricted from producing or selling salt.

The march started on March 12, 1930 from Gandhi's Sabarmati Ashram and passed through 4 districts and 48 villages. The march ended on April 5, 1930, in Dandi when Gandhi defied the salt law by picking a lump of salt. After this, millions of people broke the salt law as salt depots were raided everywhere and the manufacture of salt was undertaken.

Map of India (Route of Dandi March)