AHSEC Class 12 Economics Question Paper 2025

AHSEC Class 12 Economics Question Papers 2025 (For New Course Students)

Full Marks: 80

(Part – A = 40 + Part – B = 40)

Pass Marks: 24

(For Old Course Students in lieu of Project works)

Full Marks: 100

(Part – A = 40 + Part – B = 40 + Part – C = 20

Pass Marks: 30

Time: Three hours

PART–A (For New Course)

Q. No. 1 carries 1 mark each (any four) ............ 1x4=4

Q. No. 2 carries 2 marks each (any five) ........... 2x5=10

Q. No. 3 carries 3 marks each (any two) ........... 3x2=6

Q. No. 4 carries 6 marks each (any two) ........... 6x2=12

Q. No. 5 carries 8 marks each (any one) ........... 8x1=8

Total = 40

PART–B (For New Course)

Q. No. 6 carries 1 mark each (any four) ............ 1x4=4

Q. No. 7 carries 2 marks each (any five) ........... 2x5=10

Q. No. 8 carries 3 marks each (any two) ........... 3x2=6

Q. No. 9 carries 6 marks each (any two) ........... 6x2=12

Q. No. 10 carries 8 marks each (any one) ......... 8x1=8

Total = 40

PART–A (Introductory Macroeconomics)

1. Give short answers to any four of the following questions: 1x4=4

(i) Who is known as the father of Macroeconomics?

(ii) What are the two sectors studied in ‘two-sector economy’?

(iii) Write the full form of FRBM Act, 2003.

(iv) ‘‘Voluntary unemployment can exist in an economy with full employment equilibrium.” Write whether this statement is correct or incorrect.

(v) In which year the ‘Breton Woods’ Conference of the United Nations was held?

(vi) When the level of effective demand is attained?

(vii) NNPFC = NNPMP – ________. (Fill in the blank)

2. Answer any five of the following questions: 2x5=10

(i) Write two differences between direct tax and indirect tax.

(ii) What do you understand by ‘paradox of thrift’?

(iii) Write one similarity and one difference between capital goods and intermediate goods.

(iv) Explain the concept of ex-ante investment and ex-post investment.

(v) What are sources of supply of foreign currency in an economy?

(vi) Differentiate between revenue expenditure and capital expenditure.

(vii) What do you understand by devaluation of domestic currency? Write with an example.

3. Answer any two of the following questions: 3x2=6

(i) In an economy marginal propensity to save is 0.5. What will be the increase in income if there is a new investment of Rs. 600 crores?

(ii) What is fiscal policy? Write its two objectives? 1+2=3

(iii) How financial deficits can be reduced? Explain briefly.

(iv) In the context of national income accounting, analyse the concept of planned and unplanned change in inventories with a hypothetical example.

4. Answer any two of the following questions: 6x2=12

(i) What is balance of payment? Explain its components. 1+5=6

(ii) Explain the process of credit creation by commercial banks. What is money multiplier? 5+1=6

(iii) What is aggregate demand? Write about its components. 1+5=6

(iv) Is GDP an indicator of welfare of a nation? Justify your answer.

5. Answer any one of the following questions: 8x1=8

(i) What is value addition? Explain the value-added method of calculating national income. Write an important merit of this method. 1+6+1=8

(ii) Write about the quantitative and qualitative measures used by the central bank to regulate money supply in an economy.

(iii) Explain the working of investment multiplier with example. What is backward working of investment multiplier? 7+1=8

Also Read: AHSEC Class 12 Economics Question Paper

PART – B

PART–B (Indian Economic Development)

6. Give short answer to any four of the following questions: 1x4=4

(i) What is ‘marketable surplus’ in the context of agricultural production?

(ii) Write the full form of NCERT.

(iii) Which Indian company bought the English tea company ‘Tetley’ in 2000?

(iv) The owner of a saloon is a regular salaried/self-employed/ casual wage labourer. (Choose the correct option)

(v) What is India’s ranking in terms of Human Development Index, 2023-24?

(vi) Agriculture/Industry/Services sector is the largest contributor to the National Income of India at present. (Choose the correct option)

7. Answer any five of the following questions: 2x5=10

(i) Write two causes of slow economic growth and re-emergence of poverty in Pakistan.

(ii) Classify the following into renewable and non-renewable resources:

(a) Tree

(b) Coal

(c) Iron ore

(d) Sea fish

(iii) Write two benefits of formal sector employment.

(iv) What do you understand by outsourcing? Write with an example.

(v) What are the types of economic system? Which economic system did India adopt after independence? 1+1=2

(vi) Write two important achievements of India’s education sector.

(vii) What are the aspects included in ‘agricultural marketing’ process?

8. Answer any two of the following questions: 3x2=6

(i) When did the Central Pollution Control Board of India was established? Write two functions of this board. 1+2=3

(ii) Match the left and right hand side of the following table:

Left Hand Side	Right Hand Side
1. Prime Minister	A. Seeds that give large proportion of outputs
2. Gross Domestic Product	B. Quantity of goods that can be imported
3. Quota	C. Chairperson of the Planning Commission
4. Land reform measures	D. The money value of all the final goods and services produced within the economy in one year
5. HYV seeds	E. Improvements in the field of agriculture to increase its productivity
6. Subsidy	F. The monetary assistance given by government for production activities

(iii) Who is a worker? Are the following workers — a beggar, a thief, a smuggler and a gambler? Why? $1+2=3$

(iv) Explain the ‘great leap forward campaign’ of China as initiated in 1958.

9. Answer any two of the following questions: 6x2=12

(i) Write a note on the development path of India, China and Pakistan.

(ii) Write two differences between human capital and physical capital. Discuss the sources of human capital formation. 2+4=6

(iii) Discuss the importance of credit for rural development. Write three differences between formal and informal sources of rural credit. 3+3=6

(iv) Write short notes on any two of the following: 3+3=6

(a) Import substitution trade policy

(b) Role of small-scale industry in Indian economy

(c) Condition of agriculture sector of India at the time of independence

10. Answer any one of the following questions: 8x1=8

(i) What is organic farming? How does it help in sustainable development? Write three merits and two limitations of organic farming. 1+2+5=8

(ii) “The threat to India’s environment poses a dichotomy.” Based on this statement, write an analytical note on the current environmental situation and problems in India. What are the factors responsible for land degradation in India? 6+2=8

(iii) Briefly write about — (a) industrial sector reform (b) financial sector reform and (c) tax reform measures undertaken as part of liberalization policy of economic reforms, 1991. 3+3+2=8