Consumer Buying Motives and NeedsConsumer Behaviour Notes B.Com 5th Sem CBCS Pattern
CONSUMER BUYING MOTIVES
The modern
concept of marketing considers the customer as the king or prime as
satisfaction and delight of customer is the ‘mission of a business. It is the
customer who shapes the production and marketing policies of the firm. A
marketer should understand this fact if he wants to get success in
this mission. He must have sufficient knowledge about the customers to whom he is
going to sell. He must try to understand the nature of customers, their needs
and their buying motives if he is to win permanent customers.
Consumer buying motives is the urge or drive to satisfy needs
through product purchase and its consumption.“The
needs, wants, drives, and desires of an individual that lead him or her toward the purchase of products or ideas. The
motivations may be physiologically, psychologically, or
environmentally driven.”
A buying motive
induces a buyer to buy a product. It is an influence or consideration which
provides an impulse to buy. There is a buying motive behind every
purchase. It may not be the same with every buyer. One buyer purchase a product
to satisfy his one need and another may purchase a product to satisfy an
altogether different need. Therefore, it is necessary for a marketer to
identify the buying motives of different kinds of customers. For this he must
study the psychology of the customer and design his market-mix accordingly.
Types of Buying Motives
There are three
considerations which make a person purchase a product:
(i) He has a
desire which needs to be satisfied;
(ii) He has an
urge which induces him to purchase ; and
(iii) He has a
reasoning.
Broadly speaking,
individuals are motivate by various internal and external forces which are as
under:
1) Internal
motives often originate in the minds of the people and are both typical
and psychological in nature. They are broadly classified into two parts -
rational which are based on logical reasoning or thinking and a moral , which
are based on personal feelings.
2) External
motives are arises due to the various external factors such as income,
occupation, religion, culture, family and social ‘environment.
External and
Internal motives are divided into four categories which are given below:
1. Emotional Buying Motive:
Emotional buying motive depends on the emotion, feeling and attitude of the
consumers. This type of motive is purely a psychological aspect of a person.
This type of buying motive may be different from person to person. Under this
include:
* Fear
* Love and
affection
* Curiosity
* Fashion
*
Possession
2. Rational Buying Motive:
All the consumers do not buy any goods or services with emotional motive. They
become thoughtful, consider carefully their needs, priority, financial capacity
etc. study and analyze the necessity, utility, price etc. of the goods or services. Then they make final
decision to buy or not. The consumers become logical, rational, apt and
knowledgeable. Such quality of the customers can be seen in their buying
decision. The customers buy goods or services considering cheapness, health and
security, utility, comfortable etc.
3. Prestige Motive: Prestige motive
is related with the want of consumers for promotion of self-image and protection of their ego.
Under this, vanity and pride are motives of consumers.
4. Patronage Motive: Patronage
motive describes why certain customers buy specific brand goods, but not other
brands and always buy necessary goods only from particular shop. So, under this
motive include brand loyalty and store loyalty.
In this way
consumer buy goods or services due to emotional motive, rational motive,
prestige motive and patronage motive.
👉👉Consumer Behaviour Notes
Theory of Motivation: Maslow’s Theory of Need Hierarchy
Dr Abraham Maslow, a clinical psychologist formulated a
widely accepted theory of human motivation based on the notion of a universal
hierarchy of human needs. This identifies five basic levels of human need which
rank in order of importance from lower level needs (biogenic) to higher level
needs (psychogenic). The theory says that individuals need to satisfy the lower
level needs before higher level needs arise. The lowest level of unsatisfied
need that the individual experiences serves to motivate its behaviour. Only
when it is satisfied fairly well then he can think of the next level & so
on. According to this theory it’s the “dissatisfaction” which motivates and not
the “satisfaction”. Marketers need to know how to satisfy a need at what level,
by studying the need hierarchy.
1. Physiological needs – food, water, air, clothing, shelter.
These are the lowest or the first level needs. They are also called basic,
frugal, primary, biological, biogenic, physiological, innate etc.
2. Safety or Security needs – physical safety, protection,
stability, security, mental piece. Once the first level needs are satisfied,
the individuals go for the next level where they need an uninterrupted
fulfilment of the above needs, like regular income, permanent shelter, etc.
3. Social needs – affiliation, friendship, and belonging.
Once the second level is more or less satisfied, this level comes. In social
needs they need to maintain themselves in a society and try to be accepted in
that so that they can interact with other members of the society.
4. Egoistic needs – prestige, status, self-esteem, fame. Then
comes the egoistic needs of a person that must be satisfied. He wants to rise
above the general level/status of other members so that he gets some mental
satisfaction.
5. Self-Actualisation – self fulfilment. This is extreme or
highest end of the hierarchy, where the individuals try to excel in any field
attaining very high order of achievement. These people are called
“self-actualisers”.